Used as an antitumor agent, particularly in the treatment of various cancers such as colorectal, liver, and lung cancer. It functions by inhibiting topoisomerase I, an enzyme critical for DNA replication in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage and cell death. Its derivatives are explored for improved solubility and reduced toxicity in chemotherapy regimens. Also investigated for use in drug delivery systems like liposomes and nanoparticles to enhance tumor targeting and bioavailability.