Widely used in biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH in experiments. It has an effective buffering range of approximately pH 7.0–9.0, near physiological pH. Commonly applied in cell culture, protein electrophoresis (such as SDS-PAGE), and nucleic acid purification. Frequently found in solutions for enzyme activity assays, where pH stability is critical. Also used in pharmaceutical formulations and as a component in some diagnostic reagents. Its low toxicity and good solubility make it suitable for in vivo applications and molecular biology workflows.