Capecitabine is primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. It is often prescribed when the cancer is advanced or has spread to other parts of the body. The drug works by being converted into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the body, which then inhibits the growth of cancer cells by interfering with their DNA and RNA synthesis.

In breast cancer, it is commonly used as a monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapy agents, especially in cases where the cancer is resistant to other treatments like anthracyclines or taxanes. For colorectal cancer, it is frequently used as an adjuvant therapy following surgery to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. It is also employed in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, often in combination with other drugs such as oxaliplatin.

Capecitabine is also utilized in the management of gastric cancer, particularly in advanced stages where it may be combined with other chemotherapeutic agents to improve outcomes. Its oral administration makes it a convenient option for patients, allowing for outpatient treatment and reducing the need for hospital visits.

Additionally, it is sometimes used off-label for other types of cancers, such as pancreatic and ovarian cancer, based on individual patient circumstances and clinical judgment. The drug’s ability to target cancer cells while sparing healthy cells to some extent makes it a valuable option in oncology, though it is associated with side effects that require careful management.