Used primarily in molecular biology research as an inducer for gene expression in systems utilizing the lac operon. It serves as a non-metabolizable analog of lactose, effectively triggering the expression of genes under the control of the lac promoter without being broken down by the cell. This property makes it highly valuable in studies involving protein production, where precise control over gene expression is crucial. Additionally, it is employed in the study of bacterial metabolism and the regulation of gene networks. Its stability and specificity ensure reliable and consistent experimental results.