Dextran sulfate sodium salt is widely used in biochemical and medical research due to its unique polyanionic properties. It is commonly employed as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes, preventing clot formation by inhibiting thrombin activity. In animal models, it is extensively used to induce colitis, serving as a standard reagent for studying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic interventions. In molecular biology, it facilitates the precipitation of lipoproteins, viruses, and nucleic acids, aiding their isolation and purification. It also plays a role in cell culture media to support cell adhesion and growth, and in diagnostic assays for protein stabilization and binding. In pharmacology, DSS is investigated for anti-inflammatory, antiviral effects (e.g., inhibiting viral entry), and as a permeability marker for drug absorption studies. Additionally, it finds applications in vaccine adjuvants and potentially in cosmetics or supplements for health benefits.