Widely used as a disinfectant and biocide, glutaraldehyde is effective in sterilizing medical and dental equipment, especially heat-sensitive instruments. It works by cross-linking proteins and nucleic acids in microorganisms, killing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. It is commonly used in cold sterilization solutions in hospitals and clinics. In the oil and gas industry, glutaraldehyde is added to water injection systems to control bacterial growth that can cause corrosion and blockages. It is also used in water treatment plants to manage microbial contamination in industrial water systems. Another key application is in tissue fixation for electron microscopy, where it preserves cellular structures by forming cross-links with proteins. This makes it essential in biomedical research and pathology. Glutaraldehyde is used in tanning leather to improve shrinkage resistance and durability. It is also found in some adhesives, paper coatings, and cosmetics as a preservative due to its antimicrobial properties.