Potassium D-erythronate is primarily utilized in biochemical research and pharmaceutical development due to its role as an intermediate in metabolic pathways. It is often employed in studies related to carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in understanding the breakdown and synthesis of sugars within biological systems. This compound is also used in the production of certain vitamins and antioxidants, contributing to the development of nutritional supplements. Additionally, it finds application in the synthesis of chiral molecules, which are crucial in the creation of enantiomerically pure drugs. Its stability and solubility make it a valuable reagent in laboratory settings for various enzymatic and chemical reactions.