SGI-110 is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly in the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. It functions as a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, which helps in reactivating tumor suppressor genes that are often silenced in cancer cells. This epigenetic modulation can lead to the inhibition of tumor growth and the induction of cancer cell death. Clinical trials have explored its efficacy in conditions such as myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, where it has shown promise in improving patient outcomes. Additionally, SGI-110 is being studied for its potential to enhance the effectiveness of other cancer treatments, such as immunotherapy, by making cancer cells more recognizable to the immune system. Its ability to alter gene expression patterns without changing the DNA sequence itself makes it a valuable tool in the development of targeted cancer therapies.