MOPS buffer is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry for maintaining stable pH conditions in various experimental procedures. It is particularly effective in cell culture media, electrophoresis, and protein purification processes. In electrophoresis, MOPS buffer ensures consistent pH levels, which is crucial for accurate separation of nucleic acids and proteins. It is also employed in RNA gel electrophoresis due to its compatibility with formaldehyde, which is often used to denature RNA samples. Additionally, MOPS buffer is utilized in enzyme assays and protein studies, where maintaining a stable pH is essential for optimal enzyme activity and protein stability. Its low reactivity with metal ions makes it suitable for experiments involving metal-sensitive enzymes or proteins. Overall, MOPS buffer is a versatile and reliable choice for a wide range of laboratory applications requiring precise pH control.