Widely used in cell culture and biological research to maintain a stable pH environment, especially in experiments sensitive to pH fluctuations. Commonly applied in cell-based assays, protein purification, and immunological studies where consistent pH is critical. Frequently chosen for use in CO₂ incubators because it performs well under physiological conditions without relying on a bicarbonate buffer system. Also used in molecular biology techniques such as gel electrophoresis, transfection protocols, and enzyme assays due to its low metal ion binding and minimal interference with biochemical reactions. Suitable for applications requiring a pH range between 6.8 and 8.2, making it ideal for in vitro diagnostic procedures and pharmaceutical formulations.