Used to maintain a stable pH environment in biochemical and analytical applications. Commonly applied in enzymatic reactions, protein purification, and chromatography due to its effective buffering range in the mildly acidic to neutral pH region. Frequently employed in molecular biology techniques such as DNA electrophoresis and PCR setup. Also used in pharmaceutical formulations and quality control testing where consistent pH is critical. Compatible with many biological systems, making it suitable for cell culture and microbial growth media preparation.