Sodium citrate buffer is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry for various applications. It is commonly employed in DNA and RNA extraction procedures to stabilize the pH and prevent degradation of nucleic acids. In immunohistochemistry, it serves as an antigen retrieval solution, helping to unmask epitopes in tissue samples for better antibody binding. The buffer is also utilized in blood collection tubes as an anticoagulant, preventing clotting by chelating calcium ions. Additionally, it finds use in food and beverage industries as a preservative and flavor enhancer, maintaining acidity and improving texture in products like cheese and soft drinks. Its buffering capacity makes it a reliable choice in pharmaceutical formulations to maintain stability and efficacy of active ingredients.