Sodium citrate buffer is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry for stabilizing pH in various experimental procedures. It is particularly effective in DNA and RNA extraction processes, where it helps maintain the integrity of nucleic acids by preventing degradation. In immunohistochemistry, this buffer is employed for antigen retrieval, enhancing the detection of proteins in tissue samples. It also plays a crucial role in blood collection tubes, acting as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium ions, which prevents blood clotting. Additionally, sodium citrate buffer is utilized in food processing as a preservative and flavoring agent, ensuring product stability and enhancing taste. Its buffering capacity makes it suitable for use in pharmaceutical formulations, where it helps maintain the efficacy and stability of active ingredients.