Citrate buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical research for maintaining stable pH conditions in various experiments. It is commonly employed in immunoassays, such as ELISA, to ensure optimal antigen-antibody interactions. In molecular biology, it serves as a buffering agent during DNA and RNA extraction protocols to prevent degradation. Citrate buffer is also utilized in histology for tissue fixation and staining processes, enhancing the clarity and contrast of microscopic images. Additionally, it plays a role in pharmaceutical formulations, acting as a stabilizer for certain drugs and vaccines. Its ability to chelate metal ions makes it useful in preventing oxidation in food and beverage products, extending shelf life.