HEPES buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical research due to its ability to maintain a stable pH in cell culture media and enzymatic reactions. It is particularly effective in experiments involving cell and tissue cultures, as it provides a consistent environment for cell growth and viability. Additionally, HEPES is commonly employed in protein studies, electrophoresis, and chromatography to ensure optimal pH conditions. Its low reactivity with metal ions makes it suitable for use in metal-sensitive assays. HEPES is also utilized in molecular biology techniques, such as DNA and RNA isolation, to stabilize pH during critical steps. Its buffering capacity in the physiological pH range (7.2–7.4) makes it a preferred choice for maintaining conditions similar to those found in living organisms.