HEPES buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical research due to its ability to maintain a stable pH in cell culture media and enzymatic reactions. It is particularly effective in maintaining pH between 6.8 and 8.2, making it suitable for a variety of cell types, including mammalian, plant, and bacterial cells. HEPES is commonly employed in protein studies, as it does not interfere with protein structure or function, and it is also used in electrophoresis and chromatography techniques. Additionally, it is a preferred buffer in microscopy and fluorescence studies because it does not exhibit autofluorescence, ensuring accurate imaging results. Its low toxicity and minimal interaction with metal ions make it ideal for use in sensitive experiments and assays.