HEPES buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical research due to its effective pH stabilization in the range of 6.8 to 8.2. It is particularly valuable in cell culture applications, where it helps maintain a consistent pH environment, essential for cell growth and viability. HEPES is also utilized in protein studies, as it minimizes interference with enzymatic activities and protein interactions. Additionally, it is commonly employed in electrophoresis and chromatography techniques to ensure stable pH conditions during separation processes. Its low reactivity with metal ions makes it suitable for use in metal-sensitive experiments. Overall, HEPES buffer is a versatile and reliable choice for maintaining pH in various scientific applications.