2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is primarily used in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, particularly polyesters, due to its ability to form ester linkages. It is a key component in the production of environmentally friendly plastics and coatings, which are designed to break down more easily in natural environments compared to traditional petroleum-based plastics. Additionally, it serves as a precursor in the manufacture of various specialty chemicals, including emulsifiers and surfactants, which are utilized in personal care products and industrial applications. Its hydroxyl group makes it a valuable intermediate in organic synthesis, contributing to the development of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The compound also finds use in the food industry as a flavoring agent and preservative, enhancing the shelf life and taste of certain products.