Phytanic acid is utilized in various research studies to understand its role in metabolic processes, particularly in relation to Refsum disease, a rare genetic disorder where the body cannot properly break down this fatty acid. It is also studied for its potential impact on cellular signaling pathways and lipid metabolism. Additionally, phytanic acid has been explored in the context of its effects on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. In some cases, it is used as a biomarker to assess dietary intake of certain foods, such as dairy and ruminant fats, due to its accumulation in the body from these sources. Its role in modulating gene expression related to lipid homeostasis is another area of interest in scientific research.