Used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection as part of antiretroviral therapy. It is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor that blocks the viral integrase enzyme, preventing the integration of viral DNA into the host genome. This action reduces viral load and helps maintain immune function in patients with HIV. Dolutegravir is often combined with other antiretroviral agents for improved efficacy and is favored for its high genetic barrier to resistance and once-daily dosing in most cases. It is also used in certain treatment-experienced patients and in prevention of mother-to-child transmission under specific conditions.