Boceprevir is primarily used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, specifically genotype 1. It is a protease inhibitor that works by directly targeting the HCV NS3/4A serine protease, an enzyme essential for viral replication. Boceprevir is often prescribed in combination with other antiviral medications, such as peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, to enhance its efficacy and reduce the risk of viral resistance. This combination therapy helps to significantly lower the viral load in patients, improving liver function and reducing the progression of liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Boceprevir is particularly beneficial for patients who have not responded to previous treatments or who have relapsed after initial therapy. Its use has been instrumental in achieving sustained virologic response (SVR), which is considered a cure for hepatitis C in many cases. However, its application requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects, including anemia, fatigue, and gastrointestinal issues. With the advent of newer direct-acting antivirals, the use of Boceprevir has declined, but it remains an important option in certain clinical scenarios, especially in resource-limited settings where newer therapies may not be readily available.