Miltefosine is primarily used in the treatment of leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species. It is effective against both visceral and cutaneous forms of the disease, offering an oral treatment option which is particularly beneficial in regions where intravenous treatments are less feasible. Additionally, miltefosine has shown promise in treating other parasitic infections, such as amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Beyond its antiparasitic applications, it has been explored in oncology for its potential to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, particularly in breast cancer and brain tumor research. Its use in these areas is still under investigation, with studies focusing on optimizing efficacy and reducing side effects.