Tafenoquine is primarily used in the prevention and treatment of malaria, particularly for Plasmodium vivax infections. It is effective in targeting the dormant liver stages (hypnozoites) of the parasite, reducing the risk of relapse. This makes it a valuable option for radical cure in combination with other antimalarial drugs like chloroquine. Additionally, it is used as a prophylactic for travelers visiting malaria-endemic regions, offering long-lasting protection with a single dose. Its ability to simplify treatment regimens and improve patient compliance has made it a significant advancement in malaria management. Tafenoquine is typically administered as an oral tablet and must be used under strict medical supervision due to potential severe side effects, such as hemolytic anemia in individuals with G6PD deficiency.