Piperaquine phosphate is primarily used as an antimalarial agent, particularly in combination therapies. It is often paired with other drugs, such as dihydroartemisinin, to enhance its efficacy and reduce the risk of drug resistance. This combination is widely employed in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, especially in regions where resistance to other antimalarial drugs is prevalent. Its long half-life allows for a simplified dosing regimen, making it a practical option for large-scale treatment programs in endemic areas. Additionally, it has been explored for prophylactic use in high-risk populations to prevent malaria infections. Its role in combating malaria has made it a critical component in global efforts to control and eliminate the disease.