Nifurtimox is primarily used in the treatment of Chagas disease, a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It works by generating toxic oxygen radicals that kill the parasite, effectively reducing the parasitic load in the body. The drug is often administered in combination with other medications to enhance its efficacy, particularly in chronic cases of the disease. Additionally, nifurtimox has shown promise in treating African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, when used as part of a combination therapy with eflornithine. Its application extends to pediatric patients, where it is adjusted based on age and weight to ensure safety and effectiveness. Furthermore, nifurtimox is under investigation in combination with other drugs for the treatment of certain cancers, such as neuroblastoma in children, with promising results in clinical trials. Despite its therapeutic benefits, careful monitoring is required due to potential side effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances and neurological symptoms.