Used primarily in the treatment of malaria, especially caused by Plasmodium falciparum. It is a key active metabolite of artemisinin derivatives and is highly effective in rapid parasite clearance. Commonly combined with other antimalarial drugs in artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to enhance efficacy and reduce risk of drug resistance. Due to its potent and fast action, it is particularly valuable in treating severe and drug-resistant forms of malaria. Research also explores its potential in anticancer and anti-inflammatory applications, though these uses remain under investigation.