N-Phenethylbiguanide is primarily recognized for its role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It functions by decreasing glucose production in the liver, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and improving glucose uptake by muscles. This compound is often used in combination with other medications or lifestyle changes to manage blood sugar levels effectively. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential anti-cancer properties, particularly in inhibiting the growth of certain cancer cells. Research has also investigated its use in improving metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) due to its insulin-sensitizing effects. Its application extends to experimental studies in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which may benefit conditions beyond diabetes.