Vancomycin Hydrochloride is primarily used as an antibiotic to treat serious bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile.

In clinical settings, it is often administered intravenously for severe infections such as sepsis, endocarditis, and bone or joint infections. For C. difficile-associated diarrhea, it is given orally.

Due to its potency, it is typically reserved for cases where other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated. It is also used prophylactically in patients at high risk of infection during surgical procedures.

Monitoring is essential during treatment to avoid adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Its use is critical in combating resistant bacterial strains, making it a vital tool in modern medicine.