Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a versatile polar aprotic solvent widely used in chemical reactions due to its ability to dissolve a broad range of organic and inorganic compounds. As PCR grade, it is particularly suitable for molecular biology applications, such as enhancing PCR amplification by improving template solubility and enzyme activity. In pharmaceutical applications, it serves as a carrier for drugs, enhancing their absorption through the skin in topical formulations. In cryobiology, it acts as a cryoprotectant to preserve cells, tissues, and organs at low temperatures, preventing ice crystal formation. It is also employed in industrial processes for chemical extraction, purification, and polymer synthesis. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties make it useful in medical treatments for conditions like interstitial cystitis and arthritis.