Ethylene oxide is widely used as a sterilizing agent in the medical and pharmaceutical industries. It effectively sterilizes heat-sensitive medical devices and equipment, such as surgical instruments, syringes, and catheters, without causing damage. Additionally, it is employed in the sterilization of packaging materials for medical products.

In the chemical industry, ethylene oxide serves as a key intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including ethylene glycol, which is used in antifreeze and polyester manufacturing. It is also used to produce surfactants, detergents, and solvents.

In agriculture, ethylene oxide is utilized as a fumigant to control pests and microorganisms in stored crops and grains. However, its use in this area is regulated due to safety concerns.

Overall, ethylene oxide plays a critical role in ensuring sterility in healthcare and enabling the production of essential industrial and consumer products.