Used in buffer solutions to maintain stable pH in biological and chemical processes. Commonly found in electrophoresis and protein purification. Acts as a corrosion inhibitor in water treatment systems. Employed in the food industry as an emulsifier and thickening agent, especially in processed cheeses and canned products. Utilized in pharmaceuticals to adjust pH and enhance solubility of active ingredients. Also used in cleaning agents and detergents for its water-softening properties.