Used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment, particularly in enzyme reactions and protein purification processes. Its buffering capacity around pH 4.5 to 5.5 makes it ideal for assays involving enzymes that function optimally in slightly acidic conditions. Commonly employed in chromatography, electrophoresis, and DNA extraction protocols where consistent pH is critical for reproducibility and accuracy. Also utilized in pharmaceutical formulations to ensure stability and efficacy of active ingredients during storage and delivery.