Used in food preservation to inhibit bacterial growth, especially in dairy products like cheese, wines, and beer. Acts as a natural antimicrobial agent by breaking down bacterial cell walls, helping extend shelf life without synthetic preservatives. Commonly added to infant formulas and dairy products for its immune-supporting properties. In pharmaceuticals, utilized in eye drops, sore throat remedies, and oral care products due to its antibacterial effects. Employed in molecular biology to lyse bacterial cells, particularly gram-positive bacteria, during DNA and protein extraction. Also found in cosmetics and wound healing formulations for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Emerging applications include combination with other antimicrobials for enhanced infection control and antimicrobial coatings on medical devices or food processing surfaces.