Used in biochemical research as a metabolic intermediate for studying phenylalanine metabolism, particularly in models of phenylketonuria (PKU) to understand toxin accumulation mechanisms. Serves as a substrate in enzyme assays involving transaminases and dehydrogenases. Also utilized in cell culture media formulations to investigate metabolic pathways and oxidative stress responses. Employed as an analytical standard for detecting metabolites in biological samples using techniques such as HPLC or mass spectrometry. Its sodium salt monohydrate form enhances solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, making it suitable for in vitro studies.