Ethyl thiooxamate is primarily used in organic synthesis as a versatile intermediate for the preparation of various heterocyclic compounds. It plays a significant role in the development of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the synthesis of thiazole derivatives, which are known for their biological activities. Additionally, it is employed in the production of agrochemicals, such as herbicides and fungicides, due to its ability to act as a building block for active ingredients. Its reactivity with amines and other nucleophiles makes it valuable in creating complex molecules for research and industrial applications.