Used primarily in chemotherapy, especially for treating ovarian cancer and as a conditioning agent before bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. It is effective in preparing patients by suppressing the immune system to prevent rejection of transplanted cells. Treosulfan has alkylating properties that interfere with DNA replication in cancer cells, leading to cell death. Due to its favorable safety profile compared to other alkylating agents, it is also considered in pediatric oncology and for patients with reduced tolerance to high-dose chemotherapy. Its use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is growing, particularly in Europe, for both malignant and non-malignant blood disorders.