Streptavidin is widely used in biotechnology and molecular biology due to its strong affinity for biotin. It is commonly employed in techniques such as ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, where it serves as a binding agent to detect biotinylated molecules. In flow cytometry, streptavidin conjugated with fluorescent dyes helps in identifying and sorting specific cell populations. It is also utilized in DNA and protein microarray technologies to immobilize biotin-labeled probes or targets. Additionally, streptavidin plays a crucial role in pull-down assays, enabling the isolation and study of protein complexes. Its high specificity and stability make it a valuable tool in diagnostic assays, research, and therapeutic applications.