Used in the food industry as an acidulant and preservative, enhancing flavor and extending shelf life in products like baked goods, dairy, meat, pickled vegetables, and beverages.

Commonly employed in the pharmaceutical sector for pH adjustment, as an excipient in drug formulations, to control drug release in targeted delivery systems, and as a solubilizer or solvent in certain formulations.

Serves as a building block in the production of biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), used in packaging, textiles, gloves, and medical devices.

Applied in cosmetics for skin exfoliation and moisture retention due to its keratolytic and humectant properties.

Utilized in cleaning products for its ability to remove mineral deposits and scale without damaging surfaces.

Also used in leather tanning and textile processing to control pH and improve dye uptake.