Zileuton sodium is primarily used in the treatment of asthma, specifically for the prevention and chronic management of symptoms in adults and children. It works by inhibiting the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, which reduces the production of leukotrienes, compounds that cause inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production in the airways. This makes it effective in controlling asthma attacks and improving lung function. It is often prescribed when other asthma medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids, are not sufficient. Additionally, it may be used to reduce the need for rescue inhalers and improve overall asthma control. However, it requires regular monitoring of liver function due to potential side effects.