N-Oxalylglycine (NOG) is widely used in biochemical and medical research as a competitive inhibitor of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes. It plays a significant role in studying hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways, as it stabilizes HIF by inhibiting its degradation under normoxic conditions. This property makes it valuable for research in cancer biology, where HIF signaling is often dysregulated. Additionally, NOG is utilized in stem cell research to enhance pluripotency and reprogramming efficiency by modulating epigenetic mechanisms. Its ability to influence cellular metabolism and oxygen-sensing pathways also makes it a useful tool in studying ischemia, angiogenesis, and other hypoxia-related processes.