ETC-159 is a small molecule inhibitor primarily used in cancer research due to its ability to modulate the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cell proliferation and stem cell regulation. It shows potential in suppressing tumor growth, particularly in cancers driven by aberrant Wnt pathway activation, such as colorectal and certain liver cancers. ETC-159 is frequently used in preclinical studies to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Wnt inhibition, helping researchers understand tumor dependency on this pathway and identify responsive cancer types. Its application supports the development of targeted therapies and combination treatment strategies in oncology.