Trans-Perfluorodecalin is widely used in biomedical applications due to its high oxygen solubility and chemical inertness. It serves as an oxygen-carrying component in synthetic blood substitutes, enabling oxygen delivery to tissues when natural blood is unavailable. It is also used in liquid ventilation, where it helps improve gas exchange in patients with severe respiratory distress by filling the lungs and allowing efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.

In cell culture and tissue engineering, trans-perfluorodecalin acts as an oxygen reservoir, maintaining high oxygen levels in media for sensitive or high-density cultures. Its immiscibility with water and organic solvents makes it useful in two-phase systems for bioreactors and oxygenation devices.

Additionally, it is employed in ophthalmic surgery as a tamponade agent to stabilize the retina during procedures, thanks to its high density and ability to remain stable in the eye without reacting. Its thermal stability and low surface tension also make it suitable in specialty electronics cooling and as a heat transfer fluid in demanding environments.