Widely used as a biocide in industrial water systems to control microbial growth. Effective against bacteria, fungi, and algae in cooling towers, paper mills, and metalworking fluids. Commonly applied in oilfield operations to prevent bacterial contamination in drilling and fracturing fluids. Also utilized as a preservative in adhesives, paints, and polymer emulsions due to its antimicrobial properties. Shows activity in marine antifouling coatings to prevent organism buildup on ship hulls. Often used in combination with other biocides to enhance performance and reduce resistance development.