Enniatin B is a naturally occurring cyclic depsipeptide with notable antimicrobial and ionophoric properties. It has been studied for its ability to inhibit the growth of various bacteria and fungi, making it a candidate for use in agricultural applications to control plant pathogens. Due to its ion-transporting activity across cell membranes, particularly of potassium ions, it affects cellular ion balance and can disrupt membrane potential, which is being explored in the context of biopesticides.

In addition, Enniatin B shows cytotoxic effects against certain cancer cell lines, prompting research into its potential as a lead compound in anticancer drug development. However, its presence as a mycotoxin in cereal crops raises food safety concerns, as it can contaminate grains and pose a risk to human and animal health. This dual nature—bioactive potential versus toxicity—drives ongoing studies to understand its mechanisms and evaluate safe applications in agriculture and medicine.