Exo1 is primarily used in molecular biology and genetic research due to its role in DNA repair and recombination processes. It functions as a 5' to 3' exonuclease, making it valuable for applications such as DNA mismatch repair studies, analysis of recombination intermediates, and processing of DNA ends during repair. In research settings, Exo1 helps in understanding genomic stability, cancer development, and the mechanisms of homologous recombination. It is also utilized in biochemical assays to probe DNA structures and to generate single-stranded DNA regions for further analysis. Its activity is often studied in model organisms to gain insights into human diseases linked to DNA repair deficiencies.