Used as an electron-transport and hole-blocking material in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It helps improve device efficiency by balancing charge carriers and enhancing blue emission performance. Commonly employed in phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLED architectures. Its rigid, conjugated structure provides good thermal stability and film-forming properties, making it suitable for vacuum-deposited multilayer OLED devices. Also explored in perovskite solar cells as an interfacial layer to improve electron extraction and device stability.