Nintedanib is primarily used in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic and progressive lung disease. It works by inhibiting specific receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in the signaling pathways leading to fibrosis, thereby slowing down the progression of the disease. Additionally, it is also used in the treatment of certain types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly adenocarcinoma, in combination with chemotherapy. In this context, it helps to inhibit angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels form, which is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Nintedanib has also shown efficacy in treating systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), where it helps to reduce lung function decline. Its ability to target multiple pathways involved in fibrosis and angiogenesis makes it a versatile therapeutic agent in managing these conditions.