PLX 5622 is primarily used in research settings to study the role of microglia in the central nervous system. It is a CSF1R inhibitor that effectively depletes microglia, allowing scientists to investigate their function in neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, and neuroinflammation. This compound has been instrumental in understanding the impact of microglia on conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, PLX 5622 is used in preclinical studies to explore the potential of microglia modulation as a therapeutic strategy for various neurological disorders. Its ability to selectively target microglia makes it a valuable tool for dissecting their role in brain health and disease.