SB366791 is primarily utilized in scientific research to study the role of TRPV1 receptors in various physiological and pathological processes. It acts as a selective antagonist of the TRPV1 receptor, which is involved in pain sensation, inflammation, and thermoregulation. Researchers use this compound to investigate its potential in managing chronic pain conditions, such as neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain, by blocking the activation of TRPV1 channels. Additionally, SB366791 is employed in studies exploring its effects on conditions like hyperalgesia and allodynia, providing insights into the mechanisms of pain modulation. Its application extends to pharmacological research aimed at developing novel therapeutic agents targeting TRPV1 receptors for pain relief and other related disorders.