Used as a key building block in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), enabling applications in gas storage, separation, and catalysis due to its rigid triangular structure and multiple binding sites. Its carboxylic acid groups facilitate strong coordination with metal ions, enhancing framework stability. Also employed in porous organic polymers for environmental remediation, such as capturing carbon dioxide or removing pollutants from water. Additionally, explored in sensing and optoelectronic devices owing to its aromatic core and tunable porosity.